Stars and Cycle

Twinkle twinkle little star

How a wonder what you are

Up above the world so high

Like a diamond in the sky 

Some stars have always stood out from the rest. Their brightness is a factor of how much energy they put out, which is called their luminosity, and also how far away from Earth they are.

Stars in the heavens may also appear to be different colors because their temperatures are not all the same. Hot stars are white or blue, whereas cooler stars appear to have orange or red hues.

Stars may occur in many sizes, which are classified in a range from dwarfs to super-giants. Super-giants may have radii a thousand times larger than that of our own sun.

Hydrogen is the primary building block of stars. The gas circles through space in cosmic dust clouds called nebulae. In time, gravity causes these clouds to condense and collapse in on themselves. As they get smaller, the clouds spin faster because of the conservation of angular momentum—the same principle that causes a spinning skater to speed up when she pulls in her arms.

Building pressures cause rising temperatures inside such a nascent star, and nuclear fusion begins when a developing young star’s core temperature climbs to about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit.  

Young stars at this stage are called protostars. As they develop they accumulate mass from the clouds around them and grow into what are known as main sequence stars. Main sequence stars like our own sun exist in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will emit energy for billions of years by converting hydrogen to helium.

Stars evolve over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star’s mass, the shorter its lifespan will be.

As stars move toward the end of their lives much of their hydrogen has been converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star’s core and raises the star’s temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, swelling stars are known as red giants.

The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a white dwarf. White dwarfs cool for billions of years, until they eventually go dark and produce no energy. At this point, which scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as black dwarfs.

A few stars eschew this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang—detonating as supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that may become a neutron star or even, if the remnant is large enough, a black hole.

Some times its fun to count stars on sky at night.

Snow White (Complete Story)

One winter’s day, when the snow was falling, a beautiful queen sat sewing by a window. As she looked out on to the white garden she saw a black raven, and while she looked at it she accidentally pricked her finger with the needle. When she saw the drop of blood she thought to herself, “How wonderful it would be if I could have a little girl whose skin was as white as the snow out there, her hair as black as the raven and her lips as red as this drop of blood.”

Not long afterwards the queen had a baby daughter, and when she saw her jet black hair, snowy white skin and red, red lips she remembered her wish and called her Snow White.

Snow White grew up to be a pretty child, but sadly, after a few years, her mother died and her father married again. The new queen, Snow White’s stepmother was a beautiful woman too, but she was very vain. More than anything else she wanted to be certain that she was the most beautiful woman in the world. She had a magic mirror, and she used to look at herself in it each day and say:

“Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the fairest one of all?”

and the mirror would always reply,

“You, oh Queen, are the fairest one of all.”

  

The queen would smile when she heard this for she knew the mirror never failed to speak the truth.

The years passed. Each year Snow White grew prettier and prettier, until one day, her stepmother looked in the magic mirror and said,

“Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the fairest one of all?”

and the mirror replied,

“You, oh Queen, are fair, ’tis true,

But Snow White is fairer now than you.”

The queen was angry and jealous. In a terrible rage she decided that Snow White should be killed.

She called for a hunter and told him to take Snow White far into the forest and to kill her there. In order to prove that Snow White was indeed dead, she commanded him to cut out Snow White’s heart and bring it back to her. The hunter was very sad. Like everyone in the king’s household he loved Snow White but he knew he must obey his orders. He took her deep into the forest and as he drew his knife, Snow White fell to her knees.

“Please spare my life,” she begged. “Leave me here. I’ll never return to the palace, I promise.” The hunter agreed gladly. He was sure the queen would never know he had disobeyed her. He killed a young deer and cut out its heart and took this to the queen, pretending it was Snow White’s heart. 

Poor Snow White was tired, lonely and hungry in the forest. She wandered through the trees, hoping she would find enough berries and nuts to keep herself alive. Then she came to a clearing and found a little house. She thought it must be a woodman’s cottage where she might be able to stay, so she knocked at the door. When there was no answer, she opened it and went inside.

There she saw a room all spick and span with a long table laid with seven places — seven knives and forks, seven wooden plates and drinking cups, and on the plates and in the cups were food and drink. Snow White was so hungry she could not bear to leave the food untouched so she took a little from each plate and each cup. She did not want to empty one person’s plate and cup only.

Beyond the table were seven little beds all neatly made. She tried out some of them and when she found one that was comfortable, she fell into a deep sleep, for she was exhausted by her long journey through the forest.

The cottage was the home of seven dwarfs. All day long they worked in a nearby mine digging diamonds from deep ‘inside the mountain.

When they returned home that evening, they were amazed to see that someone had been into their cottage and had taken some food and drink from each place at their table. They were also surprised to find their beds disturbed, until one dwarf called out that he had found a lovely girl asleep on his bed. The Seven Dwarfs gathered round her, holding their candles high, as they marveled at her beauty. But they decided to leave her sleeping for they were kind men.

The next morning Snow White awoke and met the dwarfs, and she told them her story. When she explained how she now had no home, the dwarfs immediately asked her whether she would like to stay with them.

“With all my heart, I’d love to do that,” Snow White replied, happy that she now had a home, and she hoped she could be of help to these kind little people.

The dwarfs suspected that Snow White’s stepmother, the wicked queen, had magic powers and they were worried that she would find out that Snow White had not been killed by the hunter. They warned Snow White that when she was alone all day she should be wary of strangers who might come to the cottage.

Back at the palace the queen welcomed the hunter when he returned with the deer’s heart. She was happy that now she was once more the most beautiful woman in the world. As soon as she was alone, she looked in her magic mirror and said, confidently,

“Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the fairest one of all?”

To her horror, the mirror replied,

“You, oh Queen, are fair, ’tis true,

But Snow White is fairer still than you.”

The queen trembled with anger as she realized that the hunter had tricked her. She decided that she would now find Snow White and kill her herself.

The queen disguised herself as an old peddler woman with a tray of ribbons and pretty things to sell and she set out into the forest. When she came to the dwarfs’ cottage in the clearing, she knocked and smiled a wicked smile when she saw Snow White come to the door.

“Why, pretty maid,” she said pleasantly, “won’t you buy some of the wares I have to sell? Would you like some ribbons or buttons, some buckles, a new lacing for your dress perhaps?”

Snow White looked eagerly at the tray. 

The queen could see that she was tempted by the pretty lacing and so she asked if she could help to tie it on for her. Then she pulled the lacing so tight that Snow White could not breathe, and fell to the floor, as if she were dead. The queen hurried back to her palace, sure that this time Snow White was really dead.

When the dwarfs came home that evening, they found Snow White lying on the floor, deathly pale and still. Horrified, they gathered around her. Then one of them spotted that she had a new lacing on her dress, and that it was tied very tightly. Quickly they cut it. Immediately Snow White began to breathe again and color came back to her cheeks. All seven dwarfs heaved a tremendous sigh of relief as by now they loved her clearly. After this they begged Snow White to allow no strangers into the cottage while she was alone, and Snow White promised she would do as they said.

Once again in the palace the queen asked the mirror,

“Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the fairest one of’ all?”

And the mirror replied,

“You, oh Queen, are fair, ’tis true,

But Snow White is fairer still than you.”

The queen was speechless with rage. She realized that once more her plans to kill Snow White had failed. She made up her mind to try again.

She chose an apple with one rosy-red side and one yellow side. Carefully she inserted poison into the red part of the apple. Then, disguised as a peasant woman, she set out once more into the forest.

When she knocked at the cottage door, the queen was quick to explain she had not come to sell anything. She guessed that Snow White would have been warned not to buy from anybody who came by. She simply chatted with Snow White and Snow White became more at ease she offered her an apple as a present. Snow White was tempted, but she refused, saying she had been told not to accept anything from strangers.

“Let me show you how harmless it is,” said the disguised queen. “I will take a bite, and if I come to no harm, you will see it is safe for you too.”

She knew the yellow side was not poisoned and took a bite from there. Thinking it harmless, Snow White stretched out her hand for the apple and also took a bite, but from the rosy-red side.

At once Snow White was affected by the poison and fell down as though dead. That evening when the dwarfs returned they were quite unable to revive her. They turned her over to see if her dress had been laced too tightly. But they could find nothing different about her. They watched over her through the night, but when morning came she still lay without any sign of life, and they decided she must be dead. Weeping bitterly, they laid here in a coffin and placed a glass lid over the top so that all could admire her beauty, even though she was dead. Then they carried the coffin to the top of a hill where they took turns to stand guard.

The queen was delighted that day when she looked in her mirror and asked,

“Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the fairest one of all?”

and the mirror replied,

“You, oh Queen, are the fairest one of all.”

How cruelly she laughed when she heard those words. Not long after this a prince came riding through the forest and came to the hill where Snow White lay in her glass-topped coffin. She looked so beautiful that he loved her at once and he asked the dwarfs if he might have the coffin and take it to his castle. The dwarfs would not allow him to do this, but they did let the prince kiss her.

As the prince kissed Snow White gently, he moved her head. The piece of poisoned apple fell from her lips. She stirred and then she stretched a little. Slowly she came back to life. Snow White saw the handsome prince kneeling on the ground beside her and fell in love with him straight away.

Then the queen far away in the palace heard from the mirror,

“You, oh Queen, are fair, tis true,

But Snow White is fairer still than you.”

She was furious that Snow White had escaped death once more. And now the king discovered what mischief she had been up to and banished her from his land. No one ever saw her or her mirror again.

As for Snow White, she said farewell to her kind friends the dwarfs and rode away on the back of the prince’s horse. At his castle they were married and they both lived happily ever after.

Paper Ship

The paper boat is a folded boat able to swim – for a while. Obviously it is well known all over the world.

1. Take a sheet of paper of the size A4 (8 1/2″ x 11″). Paper used for ink jet printers will do.
2. Fold the upper half down on the line.
3. Find the center line by folding the left side on the right side and by unfolding.
4. Fold downward both upper triangles on the line.
5. At the bottom fold the top strip upward on the line.
6. Fold the two small triangles on the left and on the right backwards to make them disappear.
7. Turn the paper over and fold the other lower strip upwards. You have formed the well known hat.
8. Turn the hat 90 degrees and open it. The thumbs must be inside. Lay the upper and the lower parts on each other.
9. Fold the lower front triangle upwards on the red line
10. Turn the paper over and fold up the other lower triangle. You get a hat without a brim.
11. Open the hat again and put the upper part on the lower one.
12. Pull the upper corners of the triangles in opposite direction as much as possible to form the boat.
13. Stretch the boat both to the right and left, and then separate it slightly from underneath so it can float.

Float that ship in bucket of water and have fun.

Puzzle Games

The first puzzle game was created around 1760.By the early 20th century, magazines and newspapers found that they could increase their daily subscriptions by publishing puzzle contests. Puzzles may also include letters, numbers, shapes, and riddles. 

A puzzle is a problem  that tests the ingenuity of the solver. In a basic puzzle, one is intended to put together pieces in a logical way in order to come up with the desired solution.

Puzzles are often contrived as a form of entertainment, but they can also stem from serious mathematical or logistical problems.

Solutions to puzzles may require recognizing patterns and creating a particular order.A chess problem is a puzzle that uses chess pieces on a chess board. Games are often based on a puzzle. For example there are thousands of computer puzzle games and many letter games, word games and mathematical games, brain games which require solutions to puzzles as part of the game play. One of the most popular puzzle games is Tetris, Chess, Sudoku.

There are different type of Puzzle Games

1. Logical Puzzle

A logic puzzle is a puzzle deriving from the mathematics field of deduction.

• Bridge and torch problem
• Super Swap
• River crossing puzzle
• Robot Rescue

2. Mechanical Puzzle 

A mechanical puzzle is a puzzle presented as a set of mechanically interlinked pieces.

• Chinese wood knot
• Disentanglement puzzle
• Skewb
• Puzzle ring
• Rubik’s Cube

3. Mathematical Puzzle

Mathematical puzzles make up an integral part of recreational mathematics. They have specific rules as do multiplayer games, but they do not usually involve competition between two or more players.

• Cross number Puzzle
• Dyson numbers
• Four fours
• KenKen
• Feynman Long Division Puzzles
• Pirate loot problem

Frozen Desserts

Frozen dessert is  dessert made by freezing liquids, semi-solids, and sometimes even solids. They may be based on flavored water, on fruit purees, milk ,cream, ice creams, custard and others. 

Frozen desserts are very tempting and appealing in summer. There usage is increased in summer season to get rid of sweat, and sun rays. Its a real fun to have these things on your dinning table after lunch or dinner, in party or on picnic.

The following is a  frozen desserts and snacks:

Frozen Yogurt:

A low-fat or fat-free alternative made with yogurt.

Gelato:

This Italian classic has a melt-in-your-mouth, creamy consistency that is satisfying on any summer day. “Great flavor and texture

Kulfi:

Its origins trace back to the cold snacks and desserts of Arab and Mediterranean cultures.

Ice cream sandwich: 

Two soft biscuits, cookies or cake sandwiching a bar of ice cream.

Ice milk:

less than 10% milk fat and lower sweetening content, once marketed as “ice milk” but now sold as low-fat ice cream in the United States.

Ice Cream Tartlets:

Tiny graham cracker crusts are filled with ice cream and toppings to make the perfect little dessert.

Ice Cream Cone Parfaits:

The secret is coating the inside of the cone with melted chocolate chips so the ice cream doesn’t make it soggy.

Chocolate

Chocolate is most famous desert or candy among all ages from child to old man. Chocolate is a Spanish word. Chocolate means “A food preparation in the form of a paste or solid block made from roasted and ground cacao seeds, typically sweetened”. 

There are different forms and varieties of chocolates, it is also used as chocolate syrup, nut chocolates, wine chocolates, dark chocolates, mild chocolates, cooking chocolates, black chocolates, white chocolates, chocolate flakes, chocolate chips and so on. These chocolates are used in many deserts and cakes like brownies, chocolate cakes, donuts, chocolate moose, chocolate fudge, icecreams, coffee, shakes and many more.

These are very tempting to eat, it’s usage is being increased day by day. There are some positive aspects on health and some are negative aspects on health some of them are as followed.

Positive:

1. Dark chocolate may lower cholesterol levels in adults.
2. Cocoa or dark chocolate may positively affect the circulatory system.
3. Chocolate may boost cognitive abilities.
4. Chocolate can help to reduce the risk of certain cardiovascular problems.
5. Chocolate can help to  reduce blood pressure in both overweight and normal adults.
6. Chocolate consumption correlates with lower Body Mass Index.
7. Other possible effects include anticancer, cough preventor, brain stimulator and anti-diarrhoeal activities.

Negative:                                                                                                                                   

1. Chocolate is believed to cause heartburn
2. Chocolate and cocoa contain moderate to high amounts of oxalate, which can cause some health concerns particularly for individuals at risk for kidney stones.
3. The unconstrained consumption of large quantities of any energy-rich food, such as chocolate, without a corresponding increase in activity, is thought to increase the risk of obesity.
4. Raw chocolate is high in cocoa butter, Manufacturers may add other fats, sugars, and milk as well, all of which increase the caloric content of chocolate.
5. In elder people showed chocolate might cause osteoporosis.
6. A few studies have documented allergic reactions with chocolate in children.
7. There is some evidence that chocolate may be addictive.

Make An Airplane

This article will tell you know how to make a fast paper airplane, Follow these instructions, and it’ll be great! Have fun making this!

1. Fold the paper in half.Fold the paper in half again, and give the corner a pinch fold.
2. Fold one half of one side of the pinched paper into the middle pinch fold (a quarter of the paper) and give that one-quarter spot another pinch fold.Note the small pinch fold at the one-quarter mark and the halfway mark.
3. Fold from the one-quarter pinch fold inside to the other corner, making a triangular fold. Crease the edge.
4. Squash-fold the triangle that was just created by lifting the triangle, putting a finger between the paper to make sure it pulls apart, and then press down, making sure the creases line up.
5. Flip the page over and fold the other side of the squash-fold into itself. Crease the edge.
6. Fold the wide end of the paper toward the “pocket” that was created during the squash-fold. Make a crease to set the corner in place.Leave a small amount of space between the corner and the edge of the paper, then fold the section down and crease it. When you fold, do not fold all the way to the opposite corner. Instead, leave a small amount of space, as seen in the photo. Do the same to the other side of the plane.
7. Lift the flap that you’ve created and, using the squash-fold line that you created earlier as a guideline, fold the front of the flap along the squash-fold line.If you have an odd-looking mess like this, you’re on the right track. Now you should have a section narrow enough to fit into the pocket created by the squash-fold.
8. Fit the section into pocket. It should fit cleanly but snugly.
9. Fold the top corner of that same side down, using the creases as the angle guidelines.Now repeat the last two steps for the other side until both sides look the same and line up.
10. Fold the side flap from the back crease to the front crease nearest the pocket. Do the same to the other side.
11. Squash-fold the entire aircraft from the front edge. Open up the top side of the plane and fold it into itself. Make sure the front crease lines up with the crease on the bottom side of the plane.
12. Flip the plane over and bend back the front of the plane, using the corners outside the front point as the guideline.
13. Do a valley-fold of the plane so that the plane is now in half. Crease the edge.
14. Fold just below this line parallel with the main center crease to create the fuselage piece.Do this to both sides.
15. Create wiglets by folding small pieces of the loose wing upward. Do this on the other side.
16. Unfold the plane. It should have a base where you grab it, and the wings should be flat with the wing lets perpendicular to the wing.
17. Run your fingers along the front wings of the plane until it has a slight curve. This will help the plane return to you a little better. Now you’re done!

Shopping

 The process of browsing and/or purchasing items in exchange for money. The shopping experience can range from delightful to terrible, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, and mood.According to a 2000 report, in the U.S. state of New York, women purchase 80% of all consumer goods and influence 80% of health-care decisions. 

In ancient Greece, the agora served as a marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods. Ancient Rome utilized a similar marketplace known as the forum. For example, there was Trajan’s Market with tabernae that served as retailing units.

There are different methods of shopping now a days for example online shopping, mobile shopping, window shopping, and so on. Shopping is sometime fun and sometimes it feel like a burden 

There are a lot of on-line stores in the Internet, since it has been busy to set up one. Also, the nature of competition in the Internet is very stiff. This makes it possible for you to find the best deals possible. These store owners are selling at lower prices than before as they try to best to close sales with as much people as possible. This is advantageous to you as a buyer; as long as you do not buy from someone who lives far from you, you can save more when you buy your commodities in the Internet. Now, there is a mistaken train of thought among most people that on-line and off-line buying are the only ways of shopping possible. What they do not know is that there is a third and less preferred mode of shopping. So few people take this path, but some people who do would testify to the advantages of this third mode of shopping. This mode is travelling. You can travel to places – if you can afford it, of course – in order to buy the things that you need. Shopping is a sidekick of travelling. Aside from seeing sights and attractions, there are places in the world where you can buy one thing for a cheaper price compared to the figures in your local area. There are also some things that you cannot buy in your own area and can be bought only in the place that you are travelling to. For example, there are arts and crafts that are produced only by the people of that city or town, which you cannot buy anywhere else but there.